Does Pre implantation genetic testing have any associated risks

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) evaluates embryos produced through IVF to detect potential genetic abnormalities that could lead to pregnancy complications, birth defects, hereditary illnesses, or miscarriage. It's particularly beneficial when parents carry genetic risks, potentially increasing the chances of having a healthy child.




Associated Risks of Preimplantation Genetic Testing

Does PGT pose any risks? When conducting PGT, 5-6 cells from blastocyst embryos are sampled and sent to a genetics lab for analysis. Typically done at the blastocyst stage, around five days after conception, it involves examining cells that will form both the foetus and placenta. Subsequently, embryos without genetic diseases or chromosomal irregularities are identified and transferred.

Types of PGT Tests

There are various PGT tests available. Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS), now known as PGT for aneuploidies (PGT-A) and PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-CSR), aids in selecting healthy embryos and avoiding those with genetic markers for disorders like Down syndrome. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), also called PGT-M for monogenic/single gene issues, is performed on embryos at risk due to known parental genetic factors.

When to Consider PGT

A fertility specialist can guide individuals in determining the suitability of PGT based on their circumstances:

  • Parents with known genetic conditions who wish to prevent their children from inheriting those conditions.

  • Individuals experiencing recurrent miscarriages, particularly if caused by chromosomal defects.

  • Couples facing infertility issues after previous IVF attempts.

  • Women aged 35 and above seeking to minimize the risk of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy.

  • Those seeking chromosomal screening to decrease the likelihood of miscarriage or complications during pregnancy due to chromosomal irregularities.

Risks Involved in Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

The risks associated with PGD are akin to those in standard IVF:

  • Mild reactions to fertility medications.

  • Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) causing discomfort and fluid retention.

  • Uterine infection, miscarriage, or premature birth.

  • There's currently no substantial evidence indicating that children conceived through PGT face a higher risk of abnormalities than those conceived through other assisted reproduction methods.


 

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